The Middle English word gernet, which meant "dark red" in the 14th century, is where the word garnet originates. Industrial Garnet is derived from the Latin word granatus, which comes from the word granum ('grain, seed,') in Old French. This could be a reference to the plant mela granatum or even pomum granatum ('pomegranate,' Punica granatum), whose fruits contain numerous and vivid red seed covers (arils) that resemble some garnet crystals in size, shape, and colour. Hessonite garnet, also known as "gomed" in Indian literature, is one of the nine jewels that make up the Navaratna in Vedic astrology.
Garnet species vary in chemical composition but share similar physical characteristics and crystal structures. The various species include pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular (varieties of which include tsavorite and hessonite or cinnamon-stone), uvarovite, andradite. Both pyrope-almandine-spessartine (pyralspite), with a composition range of [Mg,Fe,Mn]3Al2(SiO4)3, and uvarovite-grossular-andradite (ugrandite), with a composition range of Ca3[Cr,Al,Fe]2(SiO4)3, make up the solid solution series of garnets.
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