Spandex is a synthetic polymer. It is also known as Elastane Fiber. It is chemically composed of a long-chain polyglycol coupled with a short di-isocyanate and comprises at least 85% polyurethane. It is an elastomer, which means it can be stretched and recoils when released. These fibres outperform rubber because they are stronger, lighter, and more adaptable. In fact, spandex fibres may be stretched to about 500% of their original length.
The chemical composition of Spandex fibres directly contributes to its remarkable elastic ability. The fibres are composed of several polymer strands. There are two sorts of segments in these strands: long, amorphous segments and short, stiff segments. The amorphous segments have a random molecular structure in their native form. They intertwine and soften the fibres. Some of the polymers' stiff sections link together to form the fibre structure. When the fibres are stretched, the bonds between the stiff parts break and the amorphous segments straighten out.
This lengthens the amorphous segments, increasing the fibre's length. When the fibre is stretched to its full length, the rigid segments re-bond. The amorphous portions are still elongated. This stiffens and strengthens the fibre. The amorphous segments rebound and the fibre returns to its relaxed state after the force is released. Scientists can design fabrics with suitable stretching and strength characteristics by utilising the elastic capabilities of spandex fibres.
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