One of the most promising candidates for a new TB vaccine is the M72/AS01E vaccine. This vaccine is being developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and has shown promising results in clinical trials. In one Phase IIb trial, the vaccine was shown to be 54% effective at preventing Tuberculosis Vaccine in people who had previously been infected with M. tuberculosis. The trial involved more than 3,500 participants and was conducted in Kenya, South Africa, and Zambia.
The M72/AS01E vaccine is a protein subunit vaccine, which means that it contains only a specific protein from the M. tuberculosis bacteria. This protein, called M72, is found in most strains of the bacteria and is a major target of the immune system's response to infection. The vaccine also contains an adjuvant called AS01E, which is designed to boost the immune response to the M72 protein. Because the M72/AS01E vaccine does not contain the same proteins as the BCG vaccine, it does not cause a false positive result on the Mantoux test.
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