The mechanical strength of refractories is also important, as the material must be able to withstand mechanical stress during use. The strength of the refractory material is typically measured by its modulus of rupture, which is a measure of the maximum stress the material can withstand before it fails. A high modulus of rupture is desirable, as it indicates that the material is capable of withstanding high levels of mechanical stress.
In addition to their physical properties, the thermal expansion of refractories is also important. Refractories must have a low thermal expansion coefficient to ensure that they do not crack or deform under changing temperatures. If the refractory material expands too much when heated, it can cause the furnace lining to deform, leading to cracks and failure.
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