Patients with cancer typically receive treatments based on the molecular characteristics of their underlying tumor. Liquid Biopsy traits could alter as distant metastases, the main cause of cancer fatalities, undergo molecular evolution. If primary tumor tissue is available at all, it may not always be sufficient to assign each patient to the most effective course of treatment. It is possible to re-examine metastatic lesions by needle biopsy, although this procedure is invasive and constrained by the individual lesions' recognized intra-patient heterogeneity.
By evaluating tumor cells or tumor cell products in blood samples (liquid biopsy), which in theory may reflect all subclones present at that particular time point and for sequential monitoring of disease evolution, these obstacles might be solved. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free nucleic acids, exosomes, and platelets are all detected in liquid biopsies.
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