The double-stranded DNA template is first denatured, or split into single strands, by heating the mixture. After cooling the mixture, the primers "anneal," or bind, to the DNA template. At this moment, the DNA polymerase starts creating fresh DNA strands using the primers. Each double-stranded DNA molecule has one new and one old DNA strand during synthesis and at the conclusion of the first cycle. The above-mentioned processes are repeated in subsequent cycles of Polymerase Chain Reaction. The freshly created DNA segments act as templates for following cycles, enabling the exponential multiplication of the DNA target by millions of times.
A very tiny DNA sample can be amplified (or part of it amplified) to a size that is big enough to be studied in depth using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a technique that is frequently used to create millions to billions of copies (full or partial) of a given DNA sample quickly. American scientist Kary Mullis discovered PCR at Cetus Corporation in 1983. Mullis and Michael Smith, who had created other crucial techniques for altering DNA, shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
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