Cell Lysis was long thought to be a very insignificant and inevitable side effect of bacteriophage infection, an indirect result of the host's biosynthetic and maintenance processes being heavily redirected towards the virus's aims. But it is now obvious that Cell Lysis is a precisely planned and controlled process designed by the phage. Additionally, the molecular underpinnings of the lytic event and its regulation are compellingly fascinating, encompassing fundamental questions about the behaviour of membrane proteins as well as the operation of the pathway used by bacteria to synthesise their cell walls. The availability of phages, a historically potent genetic tool, along with contemporary genomic, proteomic, and structural techniques, offers hope for quick advancement in our understanding of this essential biological process.
Unirradiated cell nuclei are shown to be relatively stable in alkaline solutions (pH 12) by lysis experiments in that DNA from each cell remains together as a single unit for more than 30 minutes. Cells exposed to radiation lyse more quickly. Based on this, a preliminary approach is developed that uses microfluorometry and the dye acridine orange to determine the relative amounts of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA in each cell following alkali treatment. This raises the estimation of DNA strand breaks to the level of individual cells using the "DNA strand separation method."
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