The next phase of 3DCRT is intensity-modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), a sophisticated form of high-precision radiation. The capacity to adjust the treatment volume to concave tumour forms is also improved by IMRT, for instance when the tumour is encircling a delicate structure like the spinal cord, a significant organ, or a blood vessel. Malignant tumours or particular regions within the tumour receive precise radiation dosages thanks to computer-controlled X-ray accelerators.
When doing optimisation and treatment simulation, specially designed computational software are used to calculate the radiation delivery pattern (Treatment Planning). By regulating, or modulating, the intensity of the radiation beam, the radiation dose can be made to fit the 3-D geometry of the tumour.
When radiation among the nearby normal tissues is either reduced or avoided, the radiation dose intensity is enhanced close to the gross tumour volume. This outperforms even 3DCRT in terms of tumour targeting, less side effects, and superior Radiotherapy treatment outcomes.
A new radiation approach called temporarily feathered Radiotherapy (TFRT) tries to leverage the inherent non-linearities in normal tissue repair to spare these tissues without reducing the dose given to the tumour. Although its efficacy has not yet been explicitly investigated, in 2021 it was reported as practicable in a small clinical trial and its application has been meticulously detailed to improve the capacity of departments to perform it.
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