Radiotherapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. The radiation also damages the blood vessels that supply the tumor with nutrients, which can cause the tumor to shrink. Over time, the cancer cells die and the tumor may disappear. Radiotherapy is most effective when the cancer is in its early stages and has not spread to other parts of the body. It can also be used to treat cancer that has spread to other parts of the body, but it may not be able to cure the cancer in these cases.
Radiotherapy can cause side effects, which can vary depending on the type and location of the cancer, as well as the dose of radiation. The most common side effects of radiotherapy include:
· Fatigue
· Skin irritation or redness
· Hair loss in the treated area
· Nausea and vomiting
· Diarrhea
· Difficulty swallowing
· Mouth sores
· Reduced white blood cell count, which increases the risk of infection
· Reduced red blood cell count, which can cause anemia
· Reduced platelet count, which increases the risk of bleeding
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