The polyester family of polymers includes the strong, stiff synthetic fibre and resin known as Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) or (PETE). PET is blow-molded into disposable drinking bottles and spun into fibres for permanent-press fabrics. Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol are polymerized to create PET. Terephthalic acid is a crystalline solid made from xylene, whereas ethylene glycol is an inert liquid made from ethylene. PET is created when ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are heated together in the presence of chemical catalysts.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is produced as a molten, viscous material that may either be spun straight into fibres or hardened and used to make plastic later on. In terms of chemistry, terephthalic acid is a dicarboxylic aromatic acid, an acid with a molecular structure that contains a large six-sided carbon (or aromatic) ring and two carboxyl (CO2H) groups, whereas ethylene glycol is a diol, an alcohol with a molecular structure that contains two hydroxyl (OH) groups. The ester (CO-O) groups are formed when the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups react under the action of heat and catalysts. These ester groups act as the chemical bonds that connect several PET units to one another to form long-chain polymers. As a byproduct, water is also created.
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