Phytosterols, also referred to as plant sterols and stanols, are substances derived from plants that resemble cholesterol structurally. The typical Western diet today is relatively low in phytosterols, compared to the early human diets, which may have provided up to 1 g/day. Despite being in the diet in quantities comparable to those of cholesterol, phytosterols are poorly absorbed and have low blood concentrations. Phytosterols are actively excreted back into the intestinal lumen by the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG5/G8 after being absorbed into enterocytes. By displacing cholesterol from micelles, phytosterols prevent the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol. They also make it easier for biliary cholesterol to be excreted in faeces.
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