Laser Diodes, also known as semiconductor lasers, are a type of diode that emits coherent light through stimulated emission. They are widely used in various applications, including telecommunications, laser printing, barcode readers, fiber optic communications, and more.
The construction of a laser diode consists of a p-type and an n-type semiconductor material sandwiched between two layers of differently doped semiconductor material. This structure creates a p-n junction, which is the basis of the Laser Diodes operation. When a forward bias voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the diode, where they combine and emit photons through spontaneous emission.
However, the emitted photons have different wavelengths and phases, resulting in incoherent light. To create a coherent beam, a laser diode employs a feedback mechanism through a resonant cavity. The resonant cavity comprises two mirrors placed at opposite ends of the diode. One of the mirrors is a high reflectivity mirror, while the other is a partially reflective mirror. The partially reflective mirror allows some photons to pass through, forming the laser beam, while the rest of the photons are reflected back into the active region, stimulating more photons to emit and reinforcing the beam.
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