PE occurs when a blood clot that has formed elsewhere in the body, typically the legs, breaks off and travels to the lungs. This can be a life-threatening condition, as it can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and, in severe cases, cardiac arrest. Risk factors for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) include prolonged immobility, surgery, cancer, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy, and certain medical conditions, such as thrombophilia, which is a genetic predisposition to blood clots. Other factors that can increase the risk of VTE include age, obesity, smoking, and a history of previous blood clots.
Symptoms of VTE can vary depending on the location and size of the blood clot. DVT can cause swelling, pain, and warmth in the affected limb, while PE can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood. In some cases, there may be no symptoms at all. Diagnosis of VTE typically involves a combination of imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, as well as blood tests to check for signs of clotting.
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