The toxic properties of acrylamide monomer are not present in polyacrylamide. The polymer can create extremely concentrated aqueous solutions and is hydrophilic (shows an affinity for water). These solutions are used as flocculants to remove suspended particles from sewage and industrial effluents due to their gel-like properties (e.g., wastewater from paper mills).
The polymer can be chemically changed to produce either positively charged cationic polymers or negatively charged anionic polymers through the highly reactive amide (NH2) group. In numerous mineral-processing and metallurgical operations, ionic polymers are particularly beneficial in the separation of metals from residues.x`
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