Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium content greater than 5.5 mEq/L (> 5.5 mmol/L), which is mainly caused by reduced renal potassium excretion or aberrant potassium transport out of cells. There are generally numerous concurrent contributing factors, such as increased potassium consumption, medicines that limit renal potassium excretion, and acute or chronic kidney injury or disease. Hyperkalemia can also occur as a result of metabolic acidosis (for example, diabetic ketoacidosis).
Clinical signs are typically neuromuscular, resulting in muscle weakness and heart toxicity, which can progress to ventricular fibrillation or asystole if severe. The serum potassium level is used to make the diagnosis. Hyperkalemia Treatment may include lowering potassium intake, changing medications, administering a cation exchange resin, and, in extreme cases, administering calcium gluconate, insulin, and dialysis.
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