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The efficiency ratings that Green UPS manufacturers publish are based on using a 100% fully-rated load when operating in online mode. But UPS effectiveness decreases as the load does. For instance, a Green UPS operating at 20–25% load might only be 85% efficient. With parallel-redundant systems, efficiency is crucial because any inefficiencies brought on by under-loaded individual UPSs would be amplified at scale. With many legacy systems, where UPS frequently operate at less than 50% of their rated capacity, this can be a significant problem.
A number of technical advancements over the past few years have helped Green UPS efficiency tremendously. Although this divergence is less for the most recent transformer-based variants, the operating efficiency differential between modern transformer-free UPS and older transformer-based UPS systems can be as big as 5-6%. Transformerless UPS also offer a flatter efficiency curve, allowing many models to operate at high efficiency (>95%) from 25% load to full load.
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