The RNAi pathway of cells is activated by the introduction of long double-stranded RNA, such as an inserted transgene, a rogue genetic element, or a viral intruder. As a result, the enzyme Dicer is attracted. Small interfering RNAi Technology is created when Dicer splits the dsRNA into fragments that are 20–25 base pairs long (siRNA). The two siRNA strands are then distinguished as sense or antisense by an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Degradation occurs to the sense strands, which have the same sequence as the target gene.
On the other hand, the RISC incorporates the antisense strands. These are employed as guides to specifically target messenger RNAs (mRNA) based on their sequence. RISC cleaves messenger RNAs (mRNA), which contain amino acid sequences. The RISC can become repeatedly involved in mRNA degradation, preventing the production of new proteins.
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