Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is one of the most poisonous biological substances known. C. botulinum produces eight antigenically distinct exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G). All serotypes disrupt neural transmission by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle paralysis. The weakness caused by botulinum toxin A injection usually lasts three months. Botulinum Toxin are now used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including strabismus and focal dystonias, hemifacial spasm and other spastic movement disorders, headaches, hypersalivation, hyperhidrosis, and some chronic conditions that only respond partially to medical treatment.
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