Standard antibody medications are made to target a single antigen specifically. However, because many complex diseases are caused by a variety of factors, inhibiting just one target may not have much of an impact. For instance, in some diseases, cells may produce more of a second receptor in response to the drug's inhibition of one receptor to evade its effects.
By targeting two distinct disease targets with a single molecule, bispecific antibodies seek to treat multifaceted, complex diseases. Bispecific antibodies are engineered hybrid molecules with two distinct binding domains that target two distinct antigens, as opposed to natural antibodies, which have two targeting arms that bind to the same target antigen.
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