Ultramicrotomes extremely thin cuts are essential for use with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM), as well as light-optical microscopy in some cases. The typical thickness of these cuts for transmission electron microscopy is between 40 and 100 nm, and between 30 and 50 nm for SBFSEM. Thicker sections up to 500 nm thick are also taken for specialised TEM applications or to select an area for the final thin sections in light-microscopy survey sections. Ultramicrotomes are used with diamond (preferably) and glass knives. Microtomes sections are collected by floating them on top of a liquid as they are cut and carefully picking them up onto grids suitable for TEM specimen viewing. The thickness of the section can be estimated by the thin-film interference colors of reflected light that are seen as a result of the extremely low sample thickness.
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