An Ophthalmoscopes is a coaxial optical system in which the lighting axis aligns with the vision axis into the retina. In other words, the ophthalmoscope eliminates shadows, allowing for a clean fundus inspection despite the pupil's naturally small size. It's a must-have item in any well-stocked medical supply cabinet.
Ophthalmoscopes are classified into two types: classic direct ophthalmoscopes and PanOptic or indirect ophthalmoscopes. With approximately 15x magnification, a direct ophthalmoscope produces an upright (unreversed) image of the centre of the retina. A PanOptic ophthalmoscope (also known as a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope) produces an inverted (reversed) image of your complete retina at magnifications ranging from 2x to 5x.
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