Why does hyperprolactinemia cause infertility?
Why does hyperprolactinemia cause infertility?
Prolactinis a hormone produced by the brain's pituitary gland. prolactin has differentfunctions in the body but the most important of them is to regulate periods andstimulate the breasts to grow and produce milk after giving birth. Once thedelivery is over the prolactin level increases which prepares the body forbreastfeeding. Too much prolactin in a person's blood is calledhyperprolactinemia an increased level of prolactin reduces estrogen andinterferes with ovulation, causing irregular or absent periods affecting fertility. It causes womenwho are not pregnant to produce breast milk and can also lead to low bonedensity.
Causes ofhyperprolactinemia
• Pregnancyand breastfeeding: there are increased levels of prolactin during pregnancy and isconsidered normal.
• prolactinoma:it is a non-cancerous growth in the pituitary gland which increases theproduction of prolactin
• Underactivethyroid or(hypothyroidism) and stress: Adrenalineand cortisol are stress hormones when coupled with increased intake ofcarbohydrates creates an imbalance in carbohydrate levels, because of theinactive thyroid the brain is stimulated to produce TSH(Thyroid-stimulatinghormone) and prolactin which in turn reduces the estrogen affecting ovulation.
• Metabolicand hormonal conditions: any injury or damage to any other part of the bodylike diseases of the kidneys, liver, thyroid
• andreproductive disorders like PCOS and amenorrhea can cause hyperprolactinemia.
• Certainmedications for conditions including depression and high blood pressure
• Overactivecells in the pituitary gland
Hyperprolactinemiais one of the common endocrinological disorders affecting fertility by causinganovulatory cycles, luteal phase defect, and sex hormone imbalances. Infertilefemales have a higher incidence of hyperprolactinemia. So estimation of serumprolactin should be done at an early stage of infertility workup which iscost-effective and causes better outcome Hyperprolactinemia is an absolutelytreatable condition and it is possible to get pregnant if treated in time. Itis best to approach an expert infertility specialist for restoring the hormonelevels to normal so that conception becomes possible.
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